^a Cronbach α value for sum scores (bold type) and item-total correlations for single items.

^b The scores were summarized and recalculated as scores of 0 (no problem at all) to 100 (maximum problem). VAS=visual analog scale.

^c The scores were summarized to yield scores of 0 (totally disagree=no fear avoidance) to 24 (totally agree=maximum fear avoidance). Item 1 scores were not included in the summary score.

^d The scores were summarized to yield scores of 0 (no pain catastrophizing) to 52 (maximum pain catastrophizing).

^e 8-Item SF-36=8-item version of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire, role–physical=role of physical health problems in work or other daily activities, role–emotional=role of emotional problems in work or other daily activities. Different ordinal scales were used for the individual subscales (0=best score, 4 or 5=poorest score). The scores were summarized and recalculated to scores of 0 (poor health) to 100 (excellent health). Cronbach α values could not be computed for the subscales of the 8-item version of the SF-36.