Table 3.

Characteristics of Included Studiesa

  • a LBP=low back pain, UG=unchanged group, IG=improved group, FG=first group, SG=second group, N=included population, IQR=interquartile range.

  • b One study, evaluating the measurement properties of the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale, resulted in 2 publications and, therefore, is mentioned once.