Kinematic, EMG, and Forceplate Variables Included in the Latent Class Analysesa
↵a EMG=electromyographic, LR=loading response, ISw=initial swing, MSw=mid-swing.
b All foot contacts without clear heel or toe contact.
c Combination of absent heel-rise in terminal stance, no clearance in initial swing, and a lack of properly timed gastrocnemius muscle activity in pre-swing.