↵^a R, 95% confidence interval (CI), and P values were obtained from bootstrap and bivariate correlations. The pain intensity rating was the average of the current pain intensity rating, the worst pain intensity rating in the preceding 24 hours, and the best pain intensity rating in the preceding 24 hours (all rated on a scale from 0 to 10). The disability score was the z-transformed disability score generated from region-specific disability measures (low back [Oswestry Disability Index], neck [Neck Disability Index], shoulder [Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire], or knee [International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form]). SF-8 PCS=Medical Outcomes Study 8-item Short-Form Health Survey Physical Component Score, SF-8 MCS=Medical Outcomes Study 8-item Short-Form Health Survey Mental Component Score, TSK-11=11-item Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, mFABQ-PA=Modified Fear-Avoidance Belief Questionnaire Physical Activity subscale, STAI-T=trait portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, PHQ-9=Patient Health Questionnaire, PSEQ=Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire.

^b P<.01.