Preliminary Evaluation of a Modified STarT Back Screening Tool Across Different Musculoskeletal Pain Conditions

↵^a Data are reported as mean (standard deviation) unless otherwise indicated. The pain intensity rating was the average of the current pain intensity rating, the worst pain intensity rating in the preceding 24 hours, and the best pain intensity rating in the preceding 24 hours (all rated on a scale from 0 to 10). mSBT=modified STarT Back Screening Tool; SF-8 PCS=Medical Outcomes Study 8-item Short-Form Health Survey Physical Component Score; SF-8 MCS=Medical Outcomes Study 8-item Short-Form Health Survey Mental Component Score; ODI=Oswestry Disability Index; NDI=Neck Disability Index; QuickDASH=Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire; IKDC=International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (score reversed to reflect disability); TSK-11=11-item Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia; mFABQ-PA=Modified Fear-Avoidance Belief Questionnaire Physical Activity subscale; STAI-T=trait portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; PHQ-9=Patient Health Questionnaire; PSEQ=Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire.

↵^a R², β, 95% confidence interval (CI; of nonstandardized coefficient), and P values were obtained from final regression models. Age and pain duration were entered as continuous variables: sex was coded as follows—1=male, 2=female; work-related pain was coded as follows—1=painful symptoms work related, 2=painful symptoms not work related; and surgery for pain was coded as follows—1=surgery for primary complaint, 2=no surgery for primary complaint. The AR was entered as 4 categorical variables: low back AR (reference category), neck AR, shoulder AR, and knee AR. The mSBT overall score was entered as a continuous variable (0–9). The AR × mSBT overall score interaction terms were centered and entered as 4 categorical interactions (low back AR × mSBT overall score was used as the reference category). The pain intensity rating was the average of the current pain intensity rating, the worst pain intensity rating in the preceding 24 hours, and the best pain intensity rating in the preceding 24 hours (all rated on a scale from 0 to 10). The disability score was the z-transformed disability score generated from region-specific disability measures (low back [Oswestry Disability Index], neck [Neck Disability Index], shoulder [Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire], or knee [International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form]). SF-8 PCS=Medical Outcomes Study 8-item Short-Form Health Survey Physical Component Score (a general health measure), SF-8 MCS=Medical Outcomes Study 8-item Short-Form Health Survey Mental Component Score (a general health measure).

^b P<.01.