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Effects of Cooling During Exercise on Thermoregulatory Responses of Men With Paraplegia

Coen C.W.G. Bongers, Thijs M.H. Eijsvogels, Ilse J.W. van Nes, Maria T.E. Hopman, Dick H.J. Thijssen
DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20150266 Published 1 May 2016
Coen C.W.G. Bongers
C.C.W.G. Bongers, MSc, Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Thijs M.H. Eijsvogels
T.M.H. Eijsvogels, PhD, Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center.
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Ilse J.W. van Nes
I.J.W. van Nes, PhD, Department of Rehabilitation, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Maria T.E. Hopman
M.T.E. Hopman, MD, Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center.
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Dick H.J. Thijssen
D.H.J. Thijssen, PhD, Department of Physiology (392), Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands, and Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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Abstract

Background People with spinal cord injury (SCI) have an altered afferent input to the thermoregulatory center, resulting in a reduced efferent response (vasomotor control and sweating capacity) below the level of the lesion. Consequently, core body temperature rises more rapidly during exercise in individuals with SCI compared with people who are able-bodied. Cooling strategies may reduce the thermophysiological strain in SCI.

Objective The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a cooling vest on the core body temperature response of people with a thoracic SCI during submaximal exercise.

Methods Ten men (mean age=44 years, SD=11) with a thoracic lesion (T4–T5 or below) participated in this randomized crossover study. Participants performed two 45-minute exercise bouts at 50% maximal workload (ambient temperature 25°C), with participants randomized to a group wearing a cooling vest or a group wearing no vest (separate days). Core body temperature and skin temperature were continuously measured, and thermal sensation was assessed every 3 minutes.

Results Exercise resulted in an increased core body temperature, skin temperature, and thermal sensation, whereas cooling did not affect core body temperature. The cooling vest effectively decreased skin temperature, increased the core-to-trunk skin temperature gradient, and tended to lower thermal sensation compared with the control condition.

Limitations The lack of differences in core body temperature among conditions may be a result of the relative moderate ambient temperature in which the exercise was performed.

Conclusions Despite effectively lowering skin temperature and increasing the core-to-trunk skin temperature gradient, there was no impact of the cooling vest on the exercise-induced increase in core body temperature in men with low thoracic SCI.

Footnotes

  • All authors provided concept/idea/research design and writing. Mr Bongers provided data collection. Mr Bongers and Dr Eijsvogels provided data analysis and project management. Mr Bongers, Dr van Nes, and Dr Thijssen provided participants. Mr Bongers and Dr Thijssen provided facilities/equipment. Professor Hopman provided consultation (including review of manuscript before submission). The authors acknowledge the help of Nathalie Benda, Matthijs Veltmeijer, Piet Vis, Bregina Hijmans-Kersten, Rebecca Verheggen, Pauline Maassen, Roel Elbers, and Hai Ngo for medical back-up and assistance during the exercise tests.

  • This work was supported by the Dutch Heart Foundation (E. Dekker stipend 2009T064, Dr Thijssen) and the Technical Science Foundation (STW) (12864, Mr Bongers).

  • Received May 11, 2015.
  • Accepted October 4, 2015.
  • © 2016 American Physical Therapy Association
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Vol 96 Issue 5 Table of Contents
Physical Therapy: 96 (5)

Issue highlights

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  • Therapeutic Exercise Training to Reduce Chronic Headache in Working Women: Design of a Randomized Controlled Trial
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  • Mechanotransduction: Relevance to Physical Therapist Practice—Understanding Our Ability to Affect Genetic Expression Through Mechanical Forces
  • Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine: Addressing the Vexing Problem of Persistent Muscle Atrophy in the Chronically Torn Human Rotator Cuff
  • Neural Stem Cell Therapy and Rehabilitation in the Central Nervous System: Emerging Partnerships
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Effects of Cooling During Exercise on Thermoregulatory Responses of Men With Paraplegia
Coen C.W.G. Bongers, Thijs M.H. Eijsvogels, Ilse J.W. van Nes, Maria T.E. Hopman, Dick H.J. Thijssen
Physical Therapy May 2016, 96 (5) 650-658; DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20150266

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Effects of Cooling During Exercise on Thermoregulatory Responses of Men With Paraplegia
Coen C.W.G. Bongers, Thijs M.H. Eijsvogels, Ilse J.W. van Nes, Maria T.E. Hopman, Dick H.J. Thijssen
Physical Therapy May 2016, 96 (5) 650-658; DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20150266
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Subjects

  • Intervention
    • Physical Agents/Modalities
    • Therapeutic Exercise
  • Integumentary System
    • Integumentary System: Other
  • Neurology/Neuromuscular System
    • Spinal Cord Injuries
    • Hemiplegia/Paraplegia/Quadriplegia

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