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Balance Confidence and Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior Are Most Predictive of Falling in Older Adults: Prospective Analysis

Merrill R. Landers, Sarrie Oscar, Jessica Sasaoka, Kyle Vaughn
DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20150184 Published 1 April 2016
Merrill R. Landers
M.R. Landers, PT, DPT, PhD, OCS, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Box 453029, Las Vegas, NV (USA).
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Sarrie Oscar
S. Oscar, BA, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
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Jessica Sasaoka
J. Sasaoka, BS, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
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Kyle Vaughn
K. Vaughn, BS, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
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Figures

Figure 2.
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Figure 2.

Receiver operating characteristic curve for fall history status 1 year after assessment for each of the following predictor variables: fall history (number of falls in the year before assessment), Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), self-selected gait speed (SSGS), and Sensory Organization Test (SOT).

Figure 1.
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Figure 1.

Receiver operating characteristic curve for fall history 1 year after assessment for each of the following predictor variables: Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire (FFABQ), Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), and Timed “Up & Go” Test (TUGT).

Tables

Table 2.
Table 2.

Fall Categories and Respective Health Conditions for Initial 64 Participantsa

  • ↵a N/A=not available.

Table 1.
Table 1.

Description of the Physical-Based and Psychological-Based Measures Used in This Studya

  • ↵a BBS=Berg Balance Scale, ICC=intraclass correlation coefficient, SOT=Sensory Organization Test, DGI=Dynamic Gait Index, SSGS=self-selected gait speed, TUGT=Timed “Up & Go” Test, FES=Falls Efficacy Scale, ABC=Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, FFABQ=Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire, N/A=not available, FOF=fear of falling, ADL=activities of daily living, PD=Parkinson disease, CVA=cerebrovascular accident.

Table 3.
Table 3.

Areas Under the Curve (AUC) for Each of the Predictor Variables for Faller and Frequent Faller Status at 1 Yeara

  • ↵a FFABQ=Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire, DGI=Dynamic Gait Index, ABC=Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, FES=Falls Efficacy Scale, SSGS=self-selected gait speed, TUGT=Timed “Up & Go” Test, BBS=Berg Balance Scale, SOT=Sensory Organization Test.

Table 4.
Table 4.

Multiple Regression Table for Predicting Falls Within the Next Yeara

  • ↵a ABC=Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, FFABQ=Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire, TUGT=Timed “Up & Go” Test.

Supplementary Data

eFigures and eTable

Files in this Data Supplement:

  • eFigures and eTable (PDF) (1.31 MB) - This PDF contains the following supplements:
    • eFigure 1. Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve for Frequent Faller Status 1 Year After Assessment for Each of the Following Predictor Variables: FFABQ, FES, and TUGT
    • eFigure 2. Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve for Frequent Faller Status 1 Year After Assessment for Each of the Following Predictor Variables: Fall History, ABC, BBS, DGI, SSGS, and SOT
    • eTable. Multiple Regression Model Summary for Prediction of Falls in the Next Year
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Vol 96 Issue 4 Table of Contents
Physical Therapy: 96 (4)

Issue highlights

  • Confidence and Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior in Older Adults
  • Reliability of the ECHOWS Tool
  • Functional Gait Assessment in Older Adults
  • Community-Based Exercise for People With Stroke
  • Knee Osteoarthritis and Promoting Exercise Adherence
  • Test Comparisons in Predicting Falls in Parkinson Disease
  • Scapular Position Using the Protractor Method
  • Physical Activity and Physical Fitness in Autism
  • Disability and Active Video Gaming
  • BNDF Genotype and Brain Function After Stroke
  • Electrodiagnostic Evaluation and Individuals With Volumetric Muscle Injury
  • Regenerative Rehabilitation and Advanced Technologies in Physical Therapy
  • Physical Therapists and Mechanotherapy
  • Translating Genomic Advances to Physical Therapist Practice
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Balance Confidence and Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior Are Most Predictive of Falling in Older Adults: Prospective Analysis
Merrill R. Landers, Sarrie Oscar, Jessica Sasaoka, Kyle Vaughn
Physical Therapy Apr 2016, 96 (4) 433-442; DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20150184

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Balance Confidence and Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior Are Most Predictive of Falling in Older Adults: Prospective Analysis
Merrill R. Landers, Sarrie Oscar, Jessica Sasaoka, Kyle Vaughn
Physical Therapy Apr 2016, 96 (4) 433-442; DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20150184
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Subjects

  • Geriatrics
    • Falls and Falls Prevention
  • Psychosocial
    • Fear-Avoidance
  • Diagnosis/Prognosis
    • Diagnosis/Prognosis: Other
  • Neurology/Neuromuscular System
    • Balance

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