Balance Confidence and Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior Are Most Predictive of Falling in Older Adults: Prospective Analysis

Merrill R. Landers; Sarrie Oscar; Jessica Sasaoka; Kyle Vaughn

doi:10.2522/ptj.20150184

Figures

Figure 2.

Receiver operating characteristic curve for fall history status 1 year after assessment for each of the following predictor variables: fall history (number of falls in the year before assessment), Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), self-selected gait speed (SSGS), and Sensory Organization Test (SOT).

Figure 1.

Receiver operating characteristic curve for fall history 1 year after assessment for each of the following predictor variables: Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire (FFABQ), Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), and Timed “Up & Go” Test (TUGT).

Tables

Table 2.

Fall Categories and Respective Health Conditions for Initial 64 Participants^{^a}

↵^a N/A=not available.

Table 1.

Description of the Physical-Based and Psychological-Based Measures Used in This Study^{^a}

↵^a BBS=Berg Balance Scale, ICC=intraclass correlation coefficient, SOT=Sensory Organization Test, DGI=Dynamic Gait Index, SSGS=self-selected gait speed, TUGT=Timed “Up & Go” Test, FES=Falls Efficacy Scale, ABC=Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, FFABQ=Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire, N/A=not available, FOF=fear of falling, ADL=activities of daily living, PD=Parkinson disease, CVA=cerebrovascular accident.

Table 3.

Areas Under the Curve (AUC) for Each of the Predictor Variables for Faller and Frequent Faller Status at 1 Year^{^a}

↵^a FFABQ=Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire, DGI=Dynamic Gait Index, ABC=Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, FES=Falls Efficacy Scale, SSGS=self-selected gait speed, TUGT=Timed “Up & Go” Test, BBS=Berg Balance Scale, SOT=Sensory Organization Test.

Table 4.

Multiple Regression Table for Predicting Falls Within the Next Year^{^a}

↵^a ABC=Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, FFABQ=Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire, TUGT=Timed “Up & Go” Test.

Supplementary Data

eFigures and eTable

Files in this Data Supplement:

eFigures and eTable (PDF) (1.31 MB) - This PDF contains the following supplements:
- eFigure 1. Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve for Frequent Faller Status 1 Year After Assessment for Each of the Following Predictor Variables: FFABQ, FES, and TUGT
- eFigure 2. Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve for Frequent Faller Status 1 Year After Assessment for Each of the Following Predictor Variables: Fall History, ABC, BBS, DGI, SSGS, and SOT
- eTable. Multiple Regression Model Summary for Prediction of Falls in the Next Year