Movement, Function, Pain, and Postoperative Edema in Axillary Web Syndrome

Linda A. Koehler; Anne H. Blaes; Tuffia C. Haddad; David W. Hunter; Alan T. Hirsch; Paula M. Ludewig

doi:10.2522/ptj.20140377

Figures

Figure 1.

A visible cord associated with axillary web syndrome of the right axilla indicated by arrow.

Figure 2.

Flowchart of study participants. AWS=axillary web syndrome.

Figure 3.

Shoulder abduction passive range of motion (PROM) and active range of motion (AROM). ROM=range of motion, AWS=axillary web syndrome. Error bars=95% confidence intervals of the mean data. *Significant interaction effect across time. †Groups were significantly different at the 2- and 4-week visits (P<.05).

Tables

Table 1.

Demographic Characteristics With Univariate Analysis of the Study Cohort^{^a}

↵^a AWS=axillary web syndrome, BMI=body mass index, SNB=sentinel node biopsy, ALND=axillary lymph node dissection, LN=lymph node. Age, BMI, number of LNs removed, and number of positive LNs were analyzed as continuous variables.
^b P value from univariate logistic regression model.
^c Reference group=ipsilateral.
^d Reference group=contralateral.
^e Reference group=lumpectomy.
^f Reference group=mastectomy.
^g Reference group=none.
^h Reference group=neoadjuvant.

Table 2.

DASH, Pain, and Edema Measures^{^a}

↵^a AWS=axillary web syndrome; DASH=Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire; CI=95% confidence interval; TDC=tissue dielectric constant; BIS=bioimpedance spectroscopy, L-Dex=lymphedema index.
^b P value=time effect collapsed across groups.

Table 3.

Multivariate Analysis of the Study Cohort^{^a}

↵^a BMI=body mass index, LN=lymph node, CI=confidence interval, OR=odds ratio. Age, BMI, number of LNs removed, and number of positive LNs were analyzed as continuous variables.
^b P value from multivariate logistic regression model.
^c Reference group=lumpectomy.
^d Reference group=mastectomy.