Relationships Between Balance and Cognition in Patients With Subjective Cognitive Impairment, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer Disease

Gro Gujord Tangen; Knut Engedal; Astrid Bergland; Tron Anders Moger; Anne Marit Mengshoel

doi:10.2522/ptj.20130298

Figures

Figure.

Flow chart of participants' involvement in the study.

Tables

Table 1.

Characteristics of Participants With Subjective or Mild Cognitive Impairment, Mild Alzheimer Disease, and Moderate Alzheimer Disease^{^a}

↵^a SCI=subjective cognitive impairment, MCI=mild cognitive impairment, AD=Alzheimer disease, IQR=interquartile range.
^b Chi-square test.
^c One-way analysis of variance.
^d Fisher exact test.
^e Range of scores=0–30, where a higher score indicates better performance.
^f As judged by the participant and relatives.

Table 2.

Comparisons of Performance on the BESTest Among Participants With Subjective or Mild Cognitive Impairment, Mild Alzheimer Disease, and Moderate Alzheimer Disease^{^a}

↵^a BESTest=Balance Evaluation Systems Test (0–100, where 100 is best), SCI=subjective cognitive impairment, MCI=mild cognitive impairment, AD=Alzheimer disease, 95% CI=95% confidence interval.
^b Two-way between-groups analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc comparison.
^c P<.01.
^d P<.001.
^e P<.05.

Table 3.

Characteristics of Participants Included in the Regression Analysis and Comparison With Those Who Were Excluded From the Regression Analysis Because of Missing Data^{^a}

↵^a SCI=subjective cognitive impairment, MCI=mild cognitive impairment, AD=Alzheimer disease.
^b Range of scores=0–30, where a higher score indicates better performance.

Table 5.

Associations Between the Subscales of the Balance Evaluation Systems Test and Cognitive Assessments, Adjusted for Demographic Factors (n=111)^{^a}

↵^a Demographic factors: age contributed to all final models, sex contributed only to model III, comorbidity contributed to final models I, III, V, and VI. Education did not contribute to any of the final models. Cognitive tests: the Mini-Mental Status Examination, 10 Word Test, Clock Drawing Test, and Trail Making Test, part A, did not contribute to any of the final models.
^b Unstandardized coefficient.
^c The R² value for the entire model, including demographic factors.

Supplementary Data

eFigure

Files in this Data Supplement:

eFigure (PDF) (277 KB) - This PDF contains the following eFigure:
- eFigure. Mean score and 95% confidence intervals for the 6 subscales of the Balance Evaluation Systems Test for the groups with subjective or mild cognitive impairment, mild Alzheimer disease, and moderate Alzheimer disease.