Pain Sensitivity Subgroups in Individuals With Spine Pain: Potential Relevance to Short-Term Clinical Outcome

Rogelio A. Coronado; Joel E. Bialosky; Michael E. Robinson; Steven Z. George

doi:10.2522/ptj.20130372

Figures

Figure.

Cluster subgroups based on pain sensitivity measures. Data for thermal head threshold and tolerance are reflected. Higher z scores denote higher pain sensitivity for all measures.

Tables

Table 1.

Demographic Characteristics, Psychological Measures, Pain Sensitivity, and Clinical Outcome for Individuals With Spine Pain (N=157)^{^a}

↵^a Values are X̅ (SD) unless otherwise indicated. PCS=Pain Catastrophizing Scale, FABQ-PA=Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire physical activity subscale, FABQ-W=Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire work subscale, TSK=Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia.

Table 2.

Standardized Canonical Coefficients and Correlation (Pooled Within-Group) Coefficients of the Pain Sensitivity Variables of the Discriminant Function

Table 3.

Baseline Demographic Characteristics, Psychological Measures, and Pain Sensitivity Factors Based on Pain Sensitivity Subgroups^{^a}

↵^a Values are X̅ (SD) unless otherwise indicated. LBP=low back pain, PCS=Pain Catastrophizing Scale, FABQ-PA=Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire physical activity subscale, FABQ-W=Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire work subscale, TSK=Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia.
^b Italicized P values denote significance.
^c Difference in sex between high thermal static sensitivity group and low pain sensitivity group (P<.05).
^d Difference in baseline pain intensity between high pressure and thermal dynamic sensitivity group and low pain sensitivity group (P<.05) and between high thermal static sensitivity group and low pain sensitivity group (P<.05).
^e Difference in 2-wk pain intensity between high pressure and thermal dynamic sensitivity group and low pain sensitivity group (P<.05).

Table 4.

Influence of Pain Sensitivity Subgroup on Pain Intensity Outcome (Proportion of Individuals Meeting 30% Change)^{^a}

↵^a HPTDS=high pressure and thermal dynamic sensitivity, HTSS=high thermal static sensitivity, LPS=low pain sensitivity, OR=odds ratio, 95% CI=95% confidence interval.
^b Italicized P values denote significance.
^c Adjusted for age, sex, pain duration, and baseline pain intensity.

Table 5.

Influence of Pain Sensitivity Subgroup on Disability Outcome (Proportion of Individuals Meeting 30% Change)^{^a}

↵^a HPTDS=high pressure and thermal dynamic sensitivity, HTSS=high thermal static sensitivity, LPS=low pain sensitivity, OR=odds ratio, 95% CI=95% confidence interval.
^b Adjusted for age, sex, pain duration, and baseline disability.