Effects of Dynamic Stepping Training on Nonlocomotor Tasks in Individuals Poststroke

Don D. Straube; Carey L. Holleran; Catherine R. Kinnaird; Abigail L. Leddy; Patrick W. Hennessy; T. George Hornby

doi:10.2522/ptj.20130544

Figures

Figure 1.

CONSORT flow diagram of the study.

Figure 2.

Changes in clinical assessment of (A) Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test (5XSTS) scores and (B) Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores at each assessment (baseline [BSL], mid-training [MID], posttraining [POST], and 3-month follow-up [F/U]), with an additional assessment of participants with chronic stroke 1 month prior to baseline (pre-baseline [PRE-BSL]). Improvements were significant from BSL assessment to MID, POST, and F/U, with no differences among the latter groups. **P<.01.

Figure 3.

Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test (5XSTS) representative trial for baseline (BSL) to posttraining assessment (POST) for 2 individuals classified as (A) severely impaired (self-selected speed <0.50 m/s) and (B) moderately impaired (self-selected speed=0.50–0.90 m/s). Tracings represents sacral marker vertical position (y-axis) versus time (x-axis), with gray arrows indicating start of successful ascent, black arrows indicating termination of ascent, and gray circles representing end descent. (C) Grouped data for total time, ascent time, descent time, and sitting time. *P<.05, **P<.01.

Figure 4.

Knee and hip power profiles for paretic and nonparetic lower extremities for a representative participant: average over the 5 repeated, successful sit-to-stand attempts. (A) paretic knee, (B) nonparetic knee, (C) paretic hip, (D) nonparetic hip. BSL=baseline, POST=postintervention.

Tables

Table 1.

Demographic and Baseline Locomotor Assessments in Participants With Subacute and Chronic Stroke^{^a}

↵^a Measurements are presented as number of participants or X±SD.

Table 2.

Correlation Coefficients of Changes in Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test (5XSTS) Scores and Primary Locomotor and Nonlocomotor Outcomes Reported Previously With Secondary Measures of Balance (Berg Balance Scale [BBS]) and Paretic Limb Strength^{^a}

↵^a P value from Pearson or Spearman correlations as warranted shown in parentheses. SSS=self-selected speed, FS=fastest speed.

Supplementary Data

eTable and eFigure

Files in this Data Supplement:

eTable and eFigure (PDF) (66 KB) - This PDF contains the following eTable and eFigure:
- eTable. Joint Power and Extensor Moments During Sit-to-Stand Performance and Isometric Strength at Baseline, Change at Posttraining Assessment, and 95% Confidence Intervals.
- eFigure. Correlations between (A) change in Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test (5XSTS) scores and change in Berg Balance Scale scores and (B) change in 5XSTS scores and change in hip extensor strength.