Resistive Inspiratory Muscle Training in People With Spinal Cord Injury During Inpatient Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Karin Postma; Janneke A. Haisma; Maria T.E. Hopman; Michael P. Bergen; Henk J. Stam; Johannes B. Bussmann

doi:10.2522/ptj.20140079

Figures

Figure 1.

CONSORT flow diagram of study participation from enrollment to analysis. RIMT=resistive inspiratory muscle training. Asterisk indicates data missing for 2 participants.

Figure 2.

Change of maximum inspiratory pressure (in cm H₂O) over time in the resistive inspiratory muscle training (RIMT) group and control group, based on (A) generalized estimating equation analysis and (B) raw data (mean and standard error of the mean). T0=baseline (measurements performed in the week before the start of the intervention period), T1=1 week after the intervention period, T2=8 weeks after T1, T3=1 year after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.

Figure 3.

Change of maximum inspiratory pressure (in cm H₂O) over time in 2 subgroups within the resistive inspiratory muscle training (RIMT) group, based on (A) generalized estimating equation analysis and (B) raw data (mean and standard error of the mean). T0=baseline (measurements performed in the week before the start of the intervention period), T1=1 week after the intervention period, T2=8 weeks after T1, T3=1 year after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.

Tables

Table 1.

Characteristics at Baseline for the RIMT Group and Control Group^{^a}

↵^a RIMT=resistive inspiratory muscle training, IQR=interquartile range.
^b Smoking status at onset of spinal cord injury: 1=smoker, 0=nonsmoker.

Table 2.

Descriptive Results for the RIMT Group and Control Group^{^a}

↵^a Outcomes of respiratory muscle strength, lung volumes and flows, and health-related quality of life are presented as X̅±SD; higher scores indicate better functioning. Results of perceived respiratory function are presented as medians (interquartile range); higher scores indicate worse functioning. RIMT=resistive inspiratory muscle training, MIP=maximal inspiratory pressure, MEP=maximum expiratory pressure, FVC=forced vital capacity, FEV₁=forced expiratory volume in 1 second, PEF=peak expiratory flow, MVV=maximum ventilation volume, PCF=peak cough flow.

Table 3.

Mean Differences in Change Between the RIMT Group and Control Group at Short-Term, Medium-Term, and Long-Term Follow-up^{^a}

↵^a The mean difference represents the intervention effect for the corresponding time period corrected for baseline value. For respiratory muscle strength, lung volumes and flows, and health-related quality of life, a significant positive mean difference presents a positive intervention effect. For perceived respiratory function, a negative mean difference presents a positive intervention effect. RIMT=resistive inspiratory muscle training, T0=baseline (measurements performed in the week before the start of the intervention period, T1=1 week after the intervention period, T2=8 weeks after T1, T3=1 year after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation, 95% CI=95% confidence interval, MIP=maximal inspiratory pressure, MEP=maximum expiratory pressure, FVC=forced vital capacity, FEV₁=forced expiratory volume in 1 second, PEF=peak expiratory flow, MVV=maximum ventilation volume, PCF=peak cough flow.