Ankle Joint Mobilization Affects Postoperative Pain Through Peripheral and Central Adenosine A1 Receptors

Daniel F. Martins; Leidiane Mazzardo-Martins; Francisco J. Cidral-Filho; Juliana Stramosk; Adair R.S. Santos

doi:10.2522/ptj.20120226

Figures

Figure 1.

Intraperitoneal (panels A and B), intrathecal (panels C and D), and intraplantar (panels E and F) pretreatment with caffeine and the antihyperalgesic effect of 9 minutes of ankle joint mobilization (AJM) or adenosine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) in mice. White bars show the operated (control) + saline (10 mL/kg, i.p.) group or the antihyperalgesic effect of 9 minutes of AJM or adenosine (30 mg/kg, i.p.). Blue bars show the effects of caffeine (10 mg/kg, i.p.; 150 nmol/site, i.t.; or 150 nmol/paw, i.pl.) antagonist injected before 9 minutes of AJM or adenosine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment. Each point represents the mean of 8 animals, and vertical lines show the standard error of the mean. *Significant difference (P<.05) compared with operated + saline + placebo AJM groups (panels A, C, and E) or operated + saline + saline groups (panels B, D, and F). ^#Significant difference (P<.05) compared with operated + saline + 9 minutes of AJM groups (panels A, C, and E) or operated + saline + adenosine groups (panels B, D, and F). Abbreviations: i.p.=intraperitoneal, i.t.=intrathecal, i.pl.=intraplanar.

Figure 2.

Intrathecal (panels A and B) and intraplantar (panels C and D) pretreatment with 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) and the antihyperalgesic effect of 9 minutes of ankle joint mobilization (AJM) or adenosine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) in mice. White bars show the operated (control) + saline (10 mL/kg, i.p.) group or antihyperalgesic effect of 9 minutes of AJM or adenosine (30 mg/kg, i.p.). Blue bars show the effects of DPCPX (150 nmol/site, i.t.; 150 nmol/paw, i.pl.) antagonist injected before 9 minutes of AJM or adenosine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment. Each point represents the mean of 8 animals, and vertical lines show the standard error of the mean. *Significant difference (P<.05) compared with operated + vehicle + placebo AJM groups (panels A and C) or operated + vehicle + saline (panels B and D) groups. ^#Significant difference (P<.05) compared with operated + vehicle + 9 minutes of AJM groups (panels A and C) or operated + vehicle + adenosine groups (panels B and D). Abbreviations: i.t.=intrathecal, i.pl.=intraplanar

Figure 3.

Intraperitoneal pretreatment with yohimbine (0.15 mg/kg, i.p., panels A and B) or ρ-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride (PCPA) (100 mg/kg, i.p., panels C and D) and the antihyperalgesic effect of 9 minutes of ankle joint mobilization (AJM) (panels A and B, respectively), clonidine (0.1 mg/kg, i.p., panel B), or morphine (5 mg/kg, i.p., panel D) in mice. White bars show the operated (control) + saline (10 mL/kg, i.p.) group or the antihyperalgesic effect of 9 minutes of AJM (panels A–C), clonidine (0.1 mg/kg, i.p., panel B), or morphine (5 mg/kg, s.c., panel D). Blue bars show the effects of yohimbine (panels A and B) or PCPA (panels C and D) antagonist injected before 9 minutes of AJM, clonidine, or morphine (5 mg/kg, s.c.) treatments. Each point represents the mean of 8 animals, and vertical lines show the standard error of the mean. *Significant difference (P<.05) compared with operated + saline + placebo AJM group (panels A and C) or operated + saline + saline groups (panels C and D). ^#Significant difference (P<.05) compared with operated + saline + 9 minutes of AJM groups (panels A and C), operated + saline + clonidine groups (panel B), or operated + saline + morphine groups (panel D). Abbreviations: i.p.=intraperitoneal, s.c.=subcutaneous.

Supplementary Data

Discussion Podcast: Manual Therapy and Postoperative Pain

Participants: Adair R.S. Santos, BSPharm, MSc, PhD, Professor, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Caterina, Florianópolis, Brazil; Daniel F. Martins, PT, MSc, Professor, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Caterina; Leidiane Mazzardo-Martins, PT, MSc, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Caterina; and Joel Bialosky, PT, PhD, FAAOMPT, OCs, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. Moderator: Kathleen Sluka, PT, PhD, Professor, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, and Editorial Board member, PTJ.

This podcast is sponsored by

Files in this Data Supplement:

Discussion Podcast - In an article published in the March 2013 issue of PTJ, Daniel Martins and colleagues found that ankle joint mobilization (AJM) decreased postoperative mechanical hyperalgesia in mice and that this effect was prevented by treatment of the mice with caffeine. In this podcast, 3 of the authors of the study—Martins, Mazzardo-Martins, and Santos—join Bialosky and moderator Sluka to discuss the study findings as well as the benefits and pitfalls of using animal models of pain. The group also discusses how the outcomes of studies of animal models can be translated into human studies.
Running time: 20:17 (27.9 MB).

Discussion Podcast: Manual Therapy and Postoperative Pain:

Length: 20:17

Quick Grabs

Bialosky: "The vast majority of manual therapy studies have been done in the human model. So, to be able to look at the animals like this, I think, has potential to greatly advance what we know about the mechanisms of manual therapy."

References

Martins DF, Mazzardo-Martins L, Gadotti VM, et al. Ankle joint mobilization reduces axonotmesis-induced neuropathic pain and glial activation in the spinal cord and enhances nerve regeneration in rats. Pain. 2011;152:2653-2661.

Goldman N, Chen M, Fujita T, et al. Adenosine A1 receptors mediate local antinociceptive effects of acupuncture. Nat Neurosci. 2010;13:883-889.

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