Early Intensive Postural and Movement Training Advances Head Control in Very Young Infants

Hui-Min Lee; James Cole Galloway

doi:10.2522/ptj.20110196

Figures

Figure 1.

The setting of chair play. The picture shows the TOY condition.

Figure 2.

The box plots for the total scores of the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) between the control group (CG) and the training group (TG) in each phase. The median for each group is represented by the single line in the box. The boxes represent the distribution of data from the 2 middle quartiles. The error bars represent the maximum and minimum values and the top and bottom quartiles of data distribution. Asterisk signifies a group difference (P<.05) based on the Mann-Whitney U test.

Figure 3.

The box plots for the summed scores of head control–related items in the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) in each phase between the control group (CG) and the training group (TG). Asterisk signifies a group difference (P<.05) based on the Mann-Whitney U test.

Figure 4.

The percentage of types of head postures and movements between the control group (CG) and the training group (TG) in the baseline phase (A), the during training phase (B), and after training phases 1 (C) and 2 (D) when infants were seated in an infant chair. Asterisk signifies a group difference (P<.05) based on the Mann-Whitney U test.

Figure 5.

The box plots for head kinematics between the control group (CG) and the training (TG) in each phase: the maximum head displacement along the x axis (A), the maximum head displacement along the y axis (B), and the average speed of head movements (C). Asterisk signifies a group difference (P<.05) based on the Mann-Whitney U test.

Tables

Table.

Summary of Study Procedures^{^a}

↵^a CG=control group, TG=training group, K=kinematics, B=behavioral coding of head postures and movements, TIMP=Test of Infant Motor Performance.

Supplementary Data

eAppendix and eTable

Files in this Data Supplement:

eAppendix and eTable (PDF) (36.4 MB) - This PDF contains the following eAppendix and eTable:
- eAppendix. Training Activities for the Training Group
- eTable. Summary of the Effects of Postural and Movement Training on Head Control