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Neural Plasticity

Beverly Bishop
Published 1 October 1982
Beverly Bishop
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Part 4. Lesion-Induced Reorganization of the CNS: Recovery Phenomena

Abstract

Most patients treated by physical therapists have suffered some neurological trauma resulting from disease or injury. The traditional teaching used to be that damage of central neurons is irreversible. Within the last decade, however, it has been necessary to cast aside this traditional view because of accumulating evidence that the brain is endowed with remarkable plasticity. This paper reviews experimental evidence revealing morphological and functional changes occurring in the CNS in response to neural lesions. Morphological responses to injury include collateral and terminal sprouting, retrieval of vacated synapses, alterations in the ultrastructure of surviving synapses, and denervation supersensitivity. Functional and adaptive changes induced by injury include the unmasking of ineffective synapses, shifts in receptive fields, and reorganization or altered effectiveness of surviving neural networks. These recovery phenomena attest to the brain's dynamic properties. These new insights contradict our conventional view of the absence of growth and reorganizational capabilities in CNS neurons. These newly identified “recovery phenomena” are destined to have a significant impact on physical therapy in the future.

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Key Words:
  • Nerve regeneration
  • Nervous system
  • Neuronal plasticity
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    Vol 96 Issue 12 Table of Contents
    Physical Therapy: 96 (12)

    Issue highlights

    • Musculoskeletal Impairments Are Often Unrecognized and Underappreciated Complications From Diabetes
    • Physical Therapist–Led Ambulatory Rehabilitation for Patients Receiving CentriMag Short-Term Ventricular Assist Device Support: Retrospective Case Series
    • Education Research in Physical Therapy: Visions of the Possible
    • Predictors of Reduced Frequency of Physical Activity 3 Months After Injury: Findings From the Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study
    • Use of Perturbation-Based Gait Training in a Virtual Environment to Address Mediolateral Instability in an Individual With Unilateral Transfemoral Amputation
    • Effect of Virtual Reality Training on Balance and Gait Ability in Patients With Stroke: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    • Effects of Locomotor Exercise Intensity on Gait Performance in Individuals With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
    • Case Series of a Knowledge Translation Intervention to Increase Upper Limb Exercise in Stroke Rehabilitation
    • Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Interventions to Improve Gait Speed in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    • Reliability and Validity of Force Platform Measures of Balance Impairment in Individuals With Parkinson Disease
    • Measurement Properties of Instruments for Measuring of Lymphedema: Systematic Review
    • myMoves Program: Feasibility and Acceptability Study of a Remotely Delivered Self-Management Program for Increasing Physical Activity Among Adults With Acquired Brain Injury Living in the Community
    • Application of Intervention Mapping to the Development of a Complex Physical Therapist Intervention
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    Neural Plasticity
    Beverly Bishop
    Physical Therapy Oct 1982, 62 (10) 1442-1451;

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    Neural Plasticity
    Beverly Bishop
    Physical Therapy Oct 1982, 62 (10) 1442-1451;
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    • Neural Plasticity
    • Introduction to Special Series
    Show more Special Series: Neural Plasticity

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    Copyright © 2013 The HighWire JCore Reference Site | Print ISSN: 0123-4567 | Online ISSN: 1123-4567
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